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Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E.Hubb.
Coast Barbgrass

Reference
Blumea Suppl.3:14 (1946)
Conservation Code
Not threatened
Naturalised Status
Alien to Western Australia
Name Status
Current

Annual, grass-like or herb, 0.3 m high. Fl. green, Sep to Dec. Grey sand, calcareous loam, often saline. Saline flats, salt lakes, saltmarshes, beach sandhills.

Grazyna Paczkowska, Descriptive Catalogue, 1 December 1993
Image

Distribution

IBRA Regions
Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Hampton, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Swan Coastal Plain, Warren, Yalgoo.
IBRA Subregions
Eastern Goldfield, Eastern Mallee, Edel, Fitzgerald, Geraldton Hills, Hampton, Katanning, Mardabilla, Merredin, Northern Jarrah Forest, Perth, Recherche, Southern Cross, Southern Jarrah Forest, Warren, Western Mallee.
IMCRA Regions
Abrolhos Islands, Central West Coast, Leeuwin-Naturaliste, WA South Coast.
Local Government Areas (LGAs)
Albany, Bruce Rock, Busselton, Carnamah, Chapman Valley, Cockburn, Coolgardie, Cunderdin, Dandaragan, Denmark, Dumbleyung, Dundas, Esperance, Goomalling, Greater Geraldton, Harvey, Kent, Kwinana, Lake Grace, Mandurah, Manjimup, Mingenew, Moora, Murray, Narrogin, Northam, Northampton, Nungarin, Plantagenet, Ravensthorpe, Rockingham, Shark Bay, Stirling, Swan, Tammin, Victoria Plains, West Arthur, Wickepin, Williams, Wongan-Ballidu, Woodanilling, Wyalkatchem, York.

Management Notes (for the Swan NRM Region)

Alternative Names. Curved sicklegrass, sickle grass.

General Biology. Growth form. Grass. Life form. Annual, caespitose. Reproduction. Seed. Dispersal. Water. Photosynthetic Pathway. C3.

Notes. Naturalised in the Americas, South Africa, India, New Zealand and southern Australia. Occurs on soils ranging from loams to clays in areas subject to seasonal flooding. Tolerant of high salinity levels and is a key coloniser of saline depressions. Has a short growing period, and matures rapidly after flowering and breaks up. Surface salinity can greatly affect the timing of seedling germination, with germination increasing substantially after salinity levels drop below a certain threshold. Will vary spatially and in abdundance between years depending on rainfall.

Additional information. Origin. Mediterranean coast and western Europe. History of use/introduction. Forage.

Management Calendar

Calendar Type Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Comments
Active Growth           Y Y Y Y Y      
Germination         O Y Y            
Flowering                   Y Y    
Fruiting                     Y Y  
Optimum Treatment             Y Y Y        

Legend: Y = Yes, regularly, O = Occasionally, U = Uncertain, referred by others but not confirmed.

 

References

  • Brown, K. & Brooks, K. (2002) Bushland Weeds: A Practical Guide to their Management. Environmental Weeds Action Network, Greenwood.
  • Callaway, R.M. & Sabraw, C.S. (2000) Effects of variable precipitation on the structure and diversity of a California salt marsh community. Journal of Vegetation Science, 5 (3): 433 - 438.
  • Department of Primary Industries (2009) Coast Barb-grass. State of Victoria URL: http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/water_sss_coast_barb_grass - Accessed January 2010.
  • Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Dodd, J., Lloyd, S.G. & Cousens, R.D. (2007) Western Weeds. A guide to the weeds of Western Australia. 2nd Edition. The Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Victoria Park.
  • Noe, G.B. & Zedler, J.B. (2000) Differential effects of four abiotic factors on the germination of salt marsh annuals. American Journal of Botany, 87: 1679-1692.
  • Noe, G.B. & Zedler, J.B. (2001) Spatio-temporal variation of salt marsh seedling establishment in relation to the abiotic and biotic environment. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12: 61-74.
  • USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program (2009) Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx - Accessed October 2009.