General Biology. Growth form. Tree.
Reproduction. Seed, suckers. Dispersal. Birds, small mammals,
water, garden refuse, soil movement, inappropriate plantings. Time to first
flowering. 3 years. Toxicity. Unripe fruit can be fatal to
horses, crushed ripe fruit causes respiratory difficulties in humans, contact
with sap or resin can cause skin irritation. Vegetative regeneration
strategy. Resprouts, produces root suckers. Seedbank persistence.
Short, days - 1 year. Fire response. Established trees not killed
by fire, rapidly recover from less severe burning or do not burn. Fire retards
growth and/or kills smaller plants.
Notes. Forms dense thickets which shade out and smother
native vegetation, can block access to creeks. Has been the target for
biocontrol in the US. Allelopathic. Stems sprout prolifically after canopy
damage. Physical damage to root system or canopy also increases root suckering.
Additional information. Origin. Tropical South
America. History of use/introduction. Garden escape. Similar
exotic species. Schinus molle var. areira.
Suggested method of management and control. Hand pull
seedlings ensuring removal of all root material. Stem inject older plants using
50% glyphosate or basal bark with 250 ml Access® in 15 L of diesel to bottom 50
cm of trunk during summer. Avoid root disturbance until trees are confirmed
dead. Read the manufacturers' labels and material safety data sheets before
using herbicides. For further information consult the Australian Pesticides and
Veterinary Medicines Authority to determine the status of permits for your
situation or state.
Management Calendar
Calendar Type |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Comments |
Flowering |
O |
O |
Y |
Y |
O |
|
|
O |
Y |
Y |
Y |
O |
|
Fruiting |
O |
O |
O |
O |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
O |
O |
O |
O |
|
Optimum Treatment |
Y |
Y |
O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O |
Y |
|
Active Growth |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y |
|
Legend: Y = Yes, regularly,
O = Occasionally, U =
Uncertain, referred by others but not confirmed.
References
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woody weeds. Environmental Weeds Action Network URL: http://www.environmentalweedsactionnetwork.org.au/
- Accessed December 2007.
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their Management. Environmental Weeds Action Network, Greenwood.
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and Hills Region. Wooroloo Brook Land Conservation District Committee and
the City of Swan, Gidgegannup, Western Australia.
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Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory (2002, April). Fire Effects Information System.
URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
- Accessed December 2007.
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- Accessed December 2007.
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11-15.
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