- Reference
- Contr.New South Wales Natl.Herb. 3:98 (1962)
- Conservation Code
- Not threatened
- Naturalised Status
- Alien to Western Australia
- Name Status
- Current
Erect shrub, 1-5 m high, leaves trifoliolate, petiolate, standard more or less glabrous. Fl. yellow, Aug or Nov or Jan. Loam, lateritic sand, black peaty sand. Edging rivers and roadsides.
Scientific Description
Erect, shrub, spindly shrub (broom-like). Stems terete, not spiny, hairy; pustules or glands absent. Leaves or phylloclades clearly present, compound, alternate, not continuous with stem, 10-25 mm long, hairy, with simple hairs, flat with flat margins; margins entire; tubercles absent; pustules or glands absent. Stipules apparently absent even from the youngest leaves. Pedicel present, 2-3 mm long, hairy. Bracteoles 1.2-1.6 mm long. Calyx 5-6 mm long, not accrescent, hairy, with simple hairs, ribless; pustules or glands absent. Corolla 10-13 mm long, uniformly coloured, yellow; claws absent; standard 11-13 mm long, glabrous, not auriculate, wings 10-11.5 mm long, not auriculate, keel 9-12 mm long, not beaked, not auriculate, glabrous. Stamens; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm long, at two different levels (filaments alternately long and short); filaments united in a closed sheath, 6-9 mm long. Ovary stipitate, hairy or glandular; style 9.2-13 mm long, hairy or glandular towards the base, not bearded, terete. Fruit dehiscent (a pod or follicle), 15-20 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, sessile or subsessile, constricted between the seeds, round in cross-section, hairy, with simple hairs, not beaked. Flowers in January, August and November. Occurs in the South-West Botanical Province, in the Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest, Warren and Swan Coastal Plain IBRA regions.
Distribution
- IBRA Regions
- Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain, Warren.
- IBRA Subregions
- Katanning, Northern Jarrah Forest, Perth, Southern Jarrah Forest, Warren.
- IMCRA Regions
- WA South Coast.
- Local Government Areas (LGAs)
- Albany, Armadale, Augusta Margaret River, Bridgetown-Greenbushes, Busselton, Donnybrook-Balingup, Kojonup, Manjimup, Narrogin, Plantagenet, Wandering.
Management Notes (for the Swan NRM Region)
General Biology. Growth form. Shrub. Reproduction. Seed. Dispersal. Explosive action, birds, ants, water, vehicles, slashing, soil movement, garden refuse. Time to first flowering. 2 years. Toxicity. Seeds are poisonous to humans and livestock. Vegetative regeneration strategy. Resprouts from base. Seedbank persistence. Long, 10+ years. Fire response. Adult plants may respout following fire. Fire stimulates germination of soil-stored seed.
Notes. Fixes nitrogen and increases soil fertility . Can increase frequency and intensity of fire.
Additional information. Origin. Northen Africa, southern Europe, western Asia. History of use/introduction. Garden escape.
Suggested method of management and control. Hand pull or dig out small seedlings ensuring removal of all roots. For mature plants cut and paint with 50% glyphosate or try basal bark with 250 ml Access® in 15 L of diesel. Monitor site for recruitment from seedbank. Read the manufacturers' labels and material safety data sheets before using herbicides. For further information consult the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority to determine the status of permits for your situation or state.
Management Calendar
| Calendar Type | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flowering | O | O | O | Y | Y | Y | Y | O | |||||
| Fruiting | Y | O | O | Y | Y | Y | |||||||
| Germination | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |||||||
| Active Growth | O | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | O | |||||
| Optimum Treatment | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Legend: Y = Yes, regularly, O = Occasionally, U = Uncertain, referred by others but not confirmed.
References
- Bossard, C.C., Randall, J.M. & Hoshovsky, M.C. eds. (2000) Invasive plants of California's wildlands. University of California Press, Berkley. Los Angeles. London.
- CRC Weed Management (2008) Weed management guide. Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) and other introduced brooms. CRC for Australian Weed Management.
- Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Dodd, J., Lloyd, S.G. & Cousens, R.D. (2007) Western Weeds. A guide to the weeds of Western Australia. 2nd Edition. The Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Victoria Park.
- Muyt, A. (2001) Bush invaders of South-East Australia: A guide to the identification and control of environmental weeds found in South-East Australia. R.G. & F.J. Richardson, Melbourne.
- Navie, S. & Adkins, S. (2008) Environmental Weeds of Australia, An interactive identification and information resource for over 1000 invasive plants. Centre for Biological Information Technology, The University of Queensland.
- Parsons, W.T. & Cuthbertson, E.G. (2001) Noxious weeds of Australia. 2nd Edition. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood.
- Zouhar, K. (2005) Genista monspessulana. Fire Effects Information System, [Online].. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis - Accessed July 2009.