Lupinus cosentinii Guss.

Reference: Fl.Sicul.Prod. 2:398-399 (1828)
Conservation Code: Not threatened
Naturalised Status: Alien to Western Australia
Name Status: Current

Robust, much-branched annual, herb, 0.2-1.4 m high. Fl. blue, Aug to Nov. Sand, loam. River edges, swamps, roadsides.

Distribution

IBRA Regions: Avon Wheatbelt, Carnarvon, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Swan Coastal Plain, Warren.
IBRA Subregions: Fitzgerald, Geraldton Hills, Katanning, Lesueur Sandplain, Merredin, Northern Jarrah Forest, Perth, Southern Jarrah Forest, Warren, Western Mallee, Wooramel.
IMCRA Regions: Central West Coast, Leeuwin-Naturaliste.
Local Government Areas (LGAs): Boyup Brook, Busselton, Carnarvon, Chittering, Cockburn, Coorow, Dandaragan, Fremantle, Gingin, Goomalling, Gosnells, Greater Geraldton, Harvey, Irwin, Jerramungup, Kulin, Mandurah, Manjimup, Melville, Mingenew, Mundaring, Murray, Nedlands, Northampton, Perth, Plantagenet, Serpentine-Jarrahdale, Shark Bay, South Perth, Stirling, Tammin, Victoria Park, Wanneroo, Waroona, West Arthur, York.

Management Notes (for the Swan NRM Region)

Alternative Names. Western Australian Blue Lupin.

General Biology. Growth form. Herb. Life form. Annual. Reproduction. Seed. Dispersal. Planting for agriculture, water, soil movement. Toxicity. Stubble and large quantities of seed can cause poisoning in stock. Seedbank persistence. Some dormancy.

Notes. Has a well-established root system including a strong taproot. Capable of fixing nitrogen. Seed germinates in autumn, plants grow through winter and spring, and die with the onset of summer drought. Genotypes of Lupinus cosentinii appear to be more tolerant of calcareous soils than L. angustifolius.

Additional information. Origin. Mediterranean, southwestern Europe. History of use/introduction. Widely cultivated as a grain legume crop, animal fodder. Similar exotic species. Lupinus angustifolius.

Suggested method of management and control. Hand remove scattered plants prior to flowering. Spray dense infestations with metsulfuron methyl 0.1g/15 L (2-3 g/ha) + wetting agent. Larger areas can be treated with more selective herbicides such as 200 g/ha Lontrel® or 50 g/ha Logran® (based on 500 L of water/ha). For spot spraying use 4 g Lontrel® or 1 g Logran® in 10 L of water + wetting agent. Glyphosate is relatively ineffective. Read the manufacturers' labels and material safety data sheets before using herbicides. For further information consult the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority to determine the status of permits for your situation or state.

Management Calendar

Calendar Type	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov
Germination	Y	Y	O
Active Growth			Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Flowering					Y	Y	Y	Y
Fruiting							Y	Y
Manual Removal			Y	Y	Y	Y
Herbicide Treatment			Y	Y	Y	Y

Legend: Y = Yes, regularly, O = Occasionally, U = Uncertain, referred by others but not confirmed.

References

Brand, J.D., Tang C. & Rathjen, A.J. (2002) Screening rough-seeded lupins (Lupinus pilosus Murr. and Lupinus atlanticus Glads.) for tolerance to calcareous soils. Plant and Soil, Volume, 245 (2): 261-275.
Brown, K. & Brooks, K. (2002) Bushland Weeds: A Practical Guide to their Management. Environmental Weeds Action Network, Greenwood.
Emms, J., Virtue, J.G., Preston, C.T. & Bellotti, W.D. (2005) Legumes in temperate Australia: A survey of naturalisation and impact in natural ecosystems. Biological Conservation, 125: 323-333.
Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Dodd, J., Lloyd, S.G. & Cousens, R.D. (2007) Western Weeds. A guide to the weeds of Western Australia. 2nd Edition. The Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Victoria Park.
Moore, C.B. & Moore, J.H. (2002) Herbiguide, the pesticide expert on a disk. Herbiguide, PO Box 44 Albany, Western Australia, 6330.
Moore, J.H. & Wheeler, J. (2008) Southern weeds and their control. DAFWA Bulletin 4744.
Pigott, J.P. (1989) Lupin control in remnant woodland. Australian Weed Research Newsletter, 38: 59-61.