Skip to main content
Advanced Search

Hordeum glaucum Steud.
Northern Barley Grass

Reference
Syn.Pl.Glumac. 1:352 (1854)
Conservation Code
Not threatened
Naturalised Status
Alien to Western Australia
Name Status
Current

Tufted annual, grass-like or herb, 0.15-0.3 m high. Fl. green, Jul to Nov. Sand, sandy clay. Roadsides, disturbed areas.

Grazyna Paczkowska, Descriptive Catalogue, 19 November 1993

Distribution

IBRA Regions
Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Hampton, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, Murchison, Nullarbor, Swan Coastal Plain, Warren, Yalgoo.
IBRA Subregions
Eastern Goldfield, Eastern Mallee, Edel, Fitzgerald, Geraldton Hills, Hampton, Katanning, Lesueur Sandplain, Merredin, Northern Jarrah Forest, Nullarbor Plain, Perth, Southern Cross, Southern Jarrah Forest, Tallering, Warren, Western Mallee, Western Murchison.
Local Government Areas (LGAs)
Augusta Margaret River, Beverley, Bruce Rock, Canning, Chapman Valley, Corrigin, Cunderdin, Dalwallinu, Dandaragan, Dowerin, Dundas, Esperance, Goomalling, Greater Geraldton, Jerramungup, Kalgoorlie-Boulder, Katanning, Kondinin, Koorda, Kulin, Kwinana, Lake Grace, Meekatharra, Merredin, Moora, Mount Marshall, Mukinbudin, Narembeen, Narrogin, Northam, Northampton, Ravensthorpe, South Perth, Trayning, Victoria Plains, Wandering, Wongan-Ballidu, Woodanilling, Yalgoo, Yilgarn.

Management Notes (for the Swan NRM Region)

Alternative Names. Wall barley, wild barley.

General Biology. Growth form. Grass. Life form. Annual, caespitose. Reproduction. Seed. Dispersal. Mammals (on fur), cutting of hay. Photosynthetic Pathway. C3. Toxicity. As plants mature awns and seed become poisonous and harmful to stock. Seedbank persistence. 2 years.

Notes. Rapidly matures after flowering in spring, going on to produce large numbers of viable seed. Most seed is dormant over summer and then germinates the following autumn. Light has an inhibitory effect on germination. Resistant to Group A/1 herbicides (for example diclofop-methyl, Verdict® and Targa®).

Additional information. Origin. Northern Africa, temperate Asia, India, Spain. History of use/introduction. Pasture.

Suggested method of management and control. Prevent seed set. Hand remove or spray with Fusilade® Forte 16 ml/10 L or 800 ml/ha (based on 500 L water/ha) + wetting agent or for generic fluazifop-p (212g/L active ingredient) 10ml/10L or 500ml/ha + wetting agent. 4-6 weeks after opening rains. Read the manufacturers' labels and material safety data sheets before using herbicides. For further information consult the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority to determine the status of permits for your situation or state.

Management Calendar

Calendar Type Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Comments
Active Growth         Y Y Y Y Y        
Germination       O Y Y Y            
Flowering                 Y Y Y    
Fruiting                   U U U  
Optimum Treatment         O Y Y Y          

Legend: Y = Yes, regularly, O = Occasionally, U = Uncertain, referred by others but not confirmed.

 

References

  • Brown, K. & Brooks, K. (2002) Bushland Weeds: A Practical Guide to their Management. Environmental Weeds Action Network, Greenwood.
  • Dean, S.A. (1990) Element stewardship abstract for Hordeum murinum ssp leporinum, Wild Barley. The Nature Conservancy, Virginia.
  • Heap, I. (Undated) Group A/1 resistant wall barley (Hordeum glaucum). International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds, Online. URL: http://WeedScience.org - Accessed November 2009.
  • Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Dodd, J., Lloyd, S.G. & Cousens, R.D. (2007) Western Weeds. A guide to the weeds of Western Australia. 2nd Edition. The Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Victoria Park.
  • Moore, C.B. & Moore, J.H. (2002) Herbiguide, the pesticide expert on a disk. Herbiguide, PO Box 44 Albany, Western Australia, 6330.
  • Moore, J.H. & Wheeler, J. (2008) Southern weeds and their control. DAFWA Bulletin 4744.
  • Popay, A.I. (1981) Germination of seeds of five annual species of barley grass. Journal of Applied Ecology, 18: 547-558.
  • Powles, S.B., Tucker, E.S. & Morgan, T.R. (1992) Eradication of paraquat-resistant Hordeum glaucum Steud. by prevention of seed production for 3 years. Weed Research, 32: 207-211.
  • Salimi, H. & Termeh, F. (2002) A study on seed dormancy and germination in ten species of grass weeds. Rostaniha, 3 (1): 23-40.
  • USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program (2009) Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx - Accessed October 2009.