Alternative Names. Wild barley, mouse barley.
General Biology. Growth form. Grass. Life
form. Annual, caespitose. Reproduction. Seed. Dispersal.
Mammals (on fur). Photosynthetic Pathway. C3. Toxicity.
Seed can be fatal to lambs, awns on mature plants can cause injury to grazing
animals. Seedbank persistence. 2 years.
Notes. Naturalised in North and South America and New
Zealand. Dominates other native perennial grasses at high nturient levels. Grows
on a range of soil types and tolerates very high nutrient levels. Produces
prolific seed. Capable of germinating early and rapidly. Seeds lodge in animal
fur/hair/wool and may be transported large distances. Smoke can stimulate
seedling emergence. Known to have herbicide resistance.
Additional information. Origin. Europe, northern
Africa, western Asia. History of use/introduction. Contaminated seed,
hay and wool.
Suggested method of management and control. Prevent seed
set. Hand pull or spray with Fusilade® Forte 16 ml/10 L or 800 mL/ha (based on
500 L water/ha) + wetting agent or for generic fluazifop-p (212g/L active
ingredient) 10ml/10L or 500ml/ha + wetting agent 4-6 weeks after opening rains.
Read the manufacturers' labels and material safety data sheets before using
herbicides. For further information consult the Australian Pesticides and
Veterinary Medicines Authority to determine the status of permits for your
situation or state.
Management Calendar
Calendar Type |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Comments |
Active Growth |
|
|
|
O |
O |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
|
|
Germination |
|
|
O |
O |
O |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
|
|
|
|
Flowering |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y |
Y |
|
|
|
Fruiting |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
|
Optimum Treatment |
|
|
|
|
O |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
|
|
|
|
Legend: Y = Yes, regularly,
O = Occasionally, U =
Uncertain, referred by others but not confirmed.
References
- Alaska Natural Heritage Program (2005) Non-native plant species of
Alaska: Leporinum barley, Hordeum murinum spp. leporinum
(Link) Arcang. Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of
Alaska, Anchorage. URL: http://akweeds.uaa.alaska.edu/pdfs/species_bios_pdfs/Species_bios_HOMUL.pdf
- Accessed December 2009.
- Brown, K. & Brooks, K. (2002) Bushland Weeds: A Practical Guide to
their Management. Environmental Weeds Action Network, Greenwood.
- Department of Primary Industry, Water and Environment, Tasmania (2009)
Barley Grass - Hordeum leporinum. Tamar Valley Weed
Strategy. URL: http://www.weeds.asn.au/ - Accessed December
2009.
- Groves, R.H., Austin, M.P. & Kaye, P.E. (2003) Competition between
Australian native and introduced grasses along a nutrient gradient. Austral
Ecology, 28: 491-498.
- Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Dodd, J., Lloyd, S.G. & Cousens, R.D.
(2007) Western Weeds. A guide to the weeds of Western Australia. 2nd
Edition. The Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Victoria Park.
- Moore, C.B. & Moore, J.H. (2002) Herbiguide, the pesticide expert on
a disk. Herbiguide, PO Box 44 Albany, Western Australia, 6330.
- Moore, J.H. & Wheeler, J. (2008) Southern weeds and their
control. DAFWA Bulletin 4744.
- Peltzer, S. (2005) Eradicating barley grass. Australian Farm
Journal, 14 (11): 46.
- Popay, A.I. (1981) Germination of seeds of five annual species of barley
grass. Journal of Applied Ecology, 18: 547-558.
- Spira, T.P. & Wagner, L.K. (1983) Viability of seeds up to 211 years old
extracted from adobe brick buildings of California and northern Mexico.
American Journal of Botany, 70 (2): 303-307.
- Stevens, J.C., Merrit, D.J., Flematti, G.R., Ghisalberti, E.L. & Dixon,
K.W. (2007) Seed germination of agricultural weeds is promoted by the butenolide
3-methyl-2H-furo(2,3-cpyran-2-one) under laboratory and field
conditions. Plant Soil, 298: 113-124.
- Tozer, K.N., Chapman, D.F., Quigley, P.E., Dowling, P.M., Cousens, R.D.
& Kearney, G.A. (2008) Effect of grazing, gap dynamics & inter-specific
seedling competition on growth and survival of Vulpia spp. and
Hordeum murinum spp. leporinum. Australian Journal of
Agricultural Research, 59: 646-655.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program (2009) Germplasm Resources
Information Network - (GRIN). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory,
Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx
- Accessed October 2009.